ELISPOT(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent SPOT, 酶聯(lián)免疫斑點(diǎn)法):是一種體外檢測(cè)特異性抗體分泌細(xì)胞和細(xì)胞因子分泌細(xì)胞的固相酶聯(lián)免疫斑點(diǎn)技術(shù),是ELISA技術(shù)和細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)技術(shù)結(jié)合而發(fā)展的新型技術(shù)。使體外檢測(cè)各種細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生細(xì)胞因子及細(xì)胞分泌抗體研究有了新的突破
ELISPOT技術(shù)優(yōu)點(diǎn):
1. 特異性和敏感性高:能從 20萬-30萬 細(xì)胞中檢出 1個(gè) 分泌該蛋白的細(xì)胞。
2. 顯色反應(yīng):顯現(xiàn)清晰可辨的斑點(diǎn)可直接在顯微鏡下人工計(jì)數(shù)斑點(diǎn)或通過ELISPOT分析系統(tǒng)對(duì)斑點(diǎn)進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù),1個(gè)斑點(diǎn)代表1個(gè)細(xì)胞,從而計(jì)算出分泌該蛋白的細(xì)胞的頻率。
3. 某些研究不僅要測(cè)細(xì)胞因子生成量,還需檢測(cè)分泌此細(xì)胞因子的細(xì)胞頻率。
4. 基本方法與ELISA相似。
ELISPOT技術(shù)應(yīng)用:
1. 疫苗研究
2. 自身免疫病研究
3. 腫瘤研究
4. 移植中排斥反應(yīng)的預(yù)測(cè)
5. 感染和免疫反應(yīng)研究
6. 抗原決定簇圖譜分析
7. 化合物和藥物免疫學(xué)反應(yīng)的篩選
ELISPOT技術(shù)基本原理
1. Coated Captured Ab in the plates
2. Added stimulated or unstimulated cells in the plates
3. Cytokines or Ab bound to plates
4. Detected Ab with enzyme
5. Counted spots with automated ELISpot reader systems or manually, using a stereomicroscope
References
Czerkinsky et al., A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for enumeration of specific antibody-secreting cells. J Immunol Methods 1983; 65: 109.
Asai et al., Evaluation of the modified ELISPOT assay for gamma interferon production in cancer patients receiving antitumor vaccines. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol 2000: 7: 145.
Vasan et al., Phase 1 Safety and Immunogenicity Evaluation of ADMVA, a Multigenic, Modified Vaccinia Ankara-HIV-1 B'/C Candidate Vaccine. PLoS One. 2010; 5: e8816.