節(jié)肢動(dòng)物媒介病毒(蟲媒病毒)是影響熱帶和亞熱帶地區(qū)約39億人公共衛(wèi)生的主要威脅[1]。在生態(tài)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)因素共同作用下,這些病毒在全球爆發(fā)的頻率和規(guī)模不斷增加。登革病毒(DENV)和黃熱病毒(YFV)數(shù)百年來一直威脅著人類健康,近年來,寨卡病毒(ZIKV)和基孔肯雅病毒(CHIKV)等新發(fā)病毒進(jìn)一步加劇了公共健康負(fù)擔(dān)。更為重要的是,大多數(shù)蟲媒病毒尚無特效療法或有效疫苗。因此,蟲媒病毒的預(yù)防和治療一直是科學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)方向。
圖1 主要的蟲媒病毒全球分布情況[1]
免疫功能健全小鼠大多對(duì)蟲媒病毒不敏感
干擾素(IFN)是抵御病毒感染的第一道防線中的強(qiáng)效細(xì)胞因子,通過直接誘導(dǎo)可抑制病毒復(fù)制的抗病原體分子,實(shí)現(xiàn)炎癥和免疫控制。蟲媒病毒編碼特定蛋白以拮抗干擾素(IFN)反應(yīng),從而對(duì)抗宿主免疫。高效的IFN拮抗作用對(duì)蟲媒病毒至關(guān)重要,因?yàn)檫@些病毒需要在血液中保持足夠的病毒載量(病毒血癥)以維持其病媒-宿主循環(huán)[2]。然而,這類IFN拮抗作用在小鼠中似乎不存在,因此免疫功能健全的小鼠對(duì)大多數(shù)蟲媒病毒并不敏感[3-5]。例如,登革病毒(DENV)的非結(jié)構(gòu)蛋白NS5通過靶向降解人類IFN下游轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子STAT2來抑制Ⅰ型IFN反應(yīng),從而在人體中實(shí)現(xiàn)復(fù)制并引起疾病,但小鼠STAT2蛋白對(duì)NS5具有抵抗性,因而無法成功感染[5-6]。因此,多種IFN信號(hào)途徑分子缺陷的免疫功能低下小鼠被用于蟲媒病毒研究。
賽業(yè)生物通過將129品系背景的Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001199)和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001200)配種,構(gòu)建了AG129小鼠模型(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001125)。兩種單基因敲除小鼠體內(nèi)Ifnar1基因或Ifngr1基因表達(dá)被完全敲除,且存在輕度的免疫缺陷表型。純合AG129小鼠發(fā)育正常且可育,可用于蟲媒病毒感染機(jī)制和機(jī)體免疫反應(yīng)研究,以及預(yù)防性疫苗和潛在療法研發(fā)。以下是129品系的Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠基因表達(dá)和免疫細(xì)胞檢測數(shù)據(jù)。
Ifnar1和Ifngr1基因表達(dá)檢測
Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠大腦和十二指腸中Ifnar1基因表達(dá)被完全敲除,Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠十二指腸、胸腺和腦組織中Ifngr1基因表達(dá)同樣被完全敲除。
圖4 Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠體內(nèi)Ifnar1和Ifngr1基因表達(dá)的RT-qPCR檢測
淋系細(xì)胞亞型比例檢測
與野生型小鼠相比,Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠均表現(xiàn)為外周血T細(xì)胞比例升高,而B細(xì)胞和NK細(xì)胞比例降低的表型。
圖5 Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠外周血中T/B/NK細(xì)胞流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測
髓系細(xì)胞亞型比例檢測
與野生型小鼠相比,Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠的外周血全髓系細(xì)胞(CD11b+)比例均略有降低,粒細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞和樹突狀細(xì)胞比例無顯著性差異。
圖5 Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠外周血中各髓系細(xì)胞亞型流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測
總 結(jié)
賽業(yè)生物通過將129品系背景的Ifnar1 KO (A129)小鼠(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001199)和Ifngr1 KO (G129)小鼠(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001200)配種,構(gòu)建了AG129小鼠模型(產(chǎn)品編號(hào):I001125)。純合AG129小鼠可用于蟲媒病毒感染機(jī)制和機(jī)體免疫反應(yīng)研究,以及預(yù)防性疫苗和潛在療法研發(fā)。
此外,賽業(yè)生物還提供多種免疫缺陷品系和人源化模型,以滿足研發(fā)人員在病毒感染和免疫相關(guān)研究領(lǐng)域的實(shí)驗(yàn)需求。
免疫缺陷疾病模型推薦
參考文獻(xiàn):
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