“冷熱” 腫瘤如何劃分?根據(jù)腫瘤微環(huán)境中免疫細(xì)胞的空間分布情況,將腫瘤分為三種基本的免疫表型:免疫炎癥型、免疫排斥型和免疫沙漠型。其中免疫炎性腫瘤即為 “熱腫瘤”,免疫排斥瘤和免疫沙漠瘤皆可稱為 “冷腫瘤”。
簡單來講,“冷”腫瘤缺乏先天免疫,而在“熱” 腫瘤中,免疫細(xì)胞較為活躍,其內(nèi)環(huán)境也被大量的 T 細(xì)胞所浸潤。
圖 3. NK-DC 細(xì)胞互相干擾[15] 。
NK 細(xì)胞被靶腫瘤細(xì)胞或細(xì)胞因子激活后,會(huì)產(chǎn)生 IFN-γ 和腫瘤壞死因子 (TNF)-α,從而促進(jìn) DC 成熟。DC 的成熟也強(qiáng)烈依賴于 NK 細(xì)胞上激活受體(例如 NKp30 和 NKG2D)的參與。成熟的 DC (mDC) 反過來會(huì)產(chǎn)生白細(xì)胞介素 (IL)-12、IL-15 和 IL-18,增強(qiáng) NK 細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性和 IFN-γ 分泌。NK細(xì)胞還可以通過激活 NKp30 和抑制性殺傷細(xì)胞免疫球蛋白樣受體以及 NKG2A/CD94 來區(qū)分未成熟(iDC)和 mDC 并消除未成熟 DC(iDC),從而維持 mDC 群體的質(zhì)量(DC editing)。漿細(xì)胞樣 DC (pDC) 分泌的 IFN-α 可以進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng) NK 細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞毒性。NK 誘導(dǎo)的腫瘤細(xì)胞裂解提供抗原,該抗原可以被 DC 吸收用于抗原呈遞。一旦成熟,負(fù)載抗原的 mDC 將遷移到腫瘤引流淋巴結(jié),將腫瘤抗原交叉呈遞給初始 T 細(xì)胞,并誘導(dǎo)其分化為腫瘤特異性 CD8+ 細(xì)胞毒性 T 細(xì)胞和 CD4+ T 輔助 1 (Th1) 細(xì)胞。
以上的治療方法中溶瘤病毒療法以及腫瘤疫苗是被認(rèn)為具有強(qiáng)大抗癌活性的新興療法。
:溶瘤病毒療法
溶瘤病毒療法不僅能夠選擇性的使腫瘤溶解外,而且通過溶瘤病毒裂解腫瘤細(xì)胞而誘導(dǎo)釋放的 TAA、PAMP、DAMP 等可以激活體內(nèi)的先天性和適應(yīng)性免疫反應(yīng),改變腫瘤的免疫微環(huán)境使冷腫瘤變?yōu)闊崮[瘤[23]。在實(shí)際的應(yīng)用中,T-VEC 就被證實(shí)是可以有效治療黑色素瘤的溶瘤病毒[24]。臨床上聯(lián)合應(yīng)用帕博利珠單抗能增加黑色素瘤患者的 CD8+ 細(xì)胞浸潤及活化[25]。
:腫瘤疫苗
腫瘤疫苗則可以擴(kuò)大特異性 T 細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,增加 T 細(xì)胞向腫瘤區(qū)域的運(yùn)輸[26]。在一項(xiàng)針對晚期惡性黑色素瘤、NSCLC 和膀胱癌患者的 Ib 臨床試驗(yàn)中,個(gè)體化新抗原疫苗 NEO-PV-01 與 nivolumab 的聯(lián)合就顯著延長了無進(jìn)展生存期,并觀察到特異性T細(xì)胞向腫瘤區(qū)域的運(yùn)輸及浸潤[27]。但無論是哪種治療,最后都離不開腫瘤機(jī)制的探索,每一種機(jī)制的發(fā)現(xiàn)都會(huì)為我們的腫瘤治療帶來指導(dǎo)性的意義。
▐ MedChemExpressMCE 可提供 20,000+ 個(gè)用于腫瘤研究的相關(guān)產(chǎn)品及試劑,其中也包括腫瘤免疫微環(huán)境相關(guān)產(chǎn)品。
BIO8898 BIO8898 是一種有效的 CD40-CD154 抑制劑。BIO8898 抑制可溶性 CD40L 與 CD40-Ig 的結(jié)合, IC50 值為 25 µM。BIO8898 抑制 CD40L 誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡。 |
Mitazalimab Mitazalimab (ADC-1013; JNJ-64457107) 是 FcγR 依賴性 CD40 激動(dòng)劑,具有腫瘤導(dǎo)向活性。Mitazalimab 激活抗原呈遞細(xì)胞,例如 樹突狀細(xì)胞 (DC),以啟動(dòng)腫瘤反應(yīng)性 T 細(xì)胞。因此,Mitazalimab 誘導(dǎo)腫瘤特異性 T 細(xì)胞浸潤并殺死腫瘤。Mitazalimab 可重塑腫瘤浸潤性骨髓微環(huán)境。 |
TGFβ1-IN-1 TGFβ1-IN-1 (compound 42) 是一種有效的、具有口服活性的 TGF-β1 抑制劑。TGFβ1-IN-1 可以抑制 TGF-β1 誘導(dǎo)的纖維化標(biāo)志物(α-SMA 和纖連蛋白)的上調(diào),可用于肝纖維化疾病研究。 |
SRI-011381 hydrochloride SRI-011381 hydrochloride 是一種有具有口服生物活性的 TGF-β 信號通路的激活劑,具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。 |
PD-1-IN-18 PD-1-IN-18 是 PD1 信號通路抑制劑,是一種免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑。 |
CL845 CL845 是 STING 激動(dòng)劑 CL656 (HY-112878) 的類似物。CL845 可用于合成靶向 STING(干擾素基因刺激物)的可結(jié)合 PRR 配體。CL845 可用于癌癥、免疫系統(tǒng)疾病或感染的研究。 |
MCE的所有產(chǎn)品僅用作科學(xué)研究或藥證申報(bào),我們不為任何個(gè)人用途提供產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。
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