Mechanisms and principles of tissue clearing technique
引自Tian T, Yang Z, Li X. Tissue clearing technique: Recent progress and biomedical applications. J Anat. 2021 Feb;238(2):489-507.
目前組織透明化方法主要有油性、基于水凝膠和水性的3種組織透明化方法。其中油性的透明化方法(包括iDisco,uDisco,3Disco,BABB和PEGASOS等方法)速度快、組織硬和易于操作,但是刺激性強、會使組織收縮、也會使熒光淬滅;谒z的透明化方法透明效率高,樣品不會收縮,但是需要專門的電泳設(shè)備,而且使用的試劑丙烯酰胺在液體狀態(tài)下有一定的致癌性,F(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)要求理想的組織透明化方法要具有安全,操作簡單,環(huán)保,透明效率高等優(yōu)點。而水性的組織透明化方法(如CUBIC, Scale和SeeDB)則生物相容性好,操作安全,具備滿足現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)要求的潛力。Chemical components in CUBIC cocktails
引自Tainaka K, Murakami TC, Susaki EA, et al. Chemical Landscape for Tissue Clearing Based on Hydrophilic Reagents. Cell Rep. 2018 Aug 21;24(8):2196-2210.
為了達(dá)到更好的透明化效果,可以用不同試劑對不同的組織和器官進(jìn)行透明化,大多數(shù)組織使用CUBIC-L對樣本進(jìn)行透明,人體組織使用CUBIC-HL,對于骨頭等硬組織則要在CUBIC-L的基礎(chǔ)上使用CUBIC-B進(jìn)行脫鈣處理。CUBIC protocols using serial treatments with CUBIC cocktails
引自Tainaka K, Murakami TC, Susaki EA, et al. Chemical Landscape for Tissue Clearing Based on Hydrophilic Reagents. Cell Rep. 2018 Aug 21;24(8):2196-2210.
Ueda和他的同事在篩選了近1700種化學(xué)物質(zhì)后還開發(fā)了一種稱為CUBIC-X的方法。該方法不僅可以使小鼠大腦組織像玻璃一樣透明,還可以使組織膨大為原始尺寸的10倍,讓更多的細(xì)節(jié)暴露在傳統(tǒng)顯微鏡下,為深入研究小鼠大腦鋪平了道路。CUBIC-X透明化方法首先對樣本進(jìn)行脫脂處理,然后再利用CUBIC-X1對樣本進(jìn)行膨大處理,利用CUBIC-X2進(jìn)行折射率匹配,其中CUBIC-X1的主要成分是咪唑,CUBIC-X2的主要成分是咪唑和安替比林。Ueda利用CUBIC-X方法已經(jīng)繪制了一張小鼠大腦圖譜。他們采用化學(xué)方法標(biāo)記了大腦中的每個細(xì)胞,然后在將大腦透明化的同時將其尺寸擴(kuò)大了十倍。隨后他們利用精密的成像技術(shù)對神經(jīng)元進(jìn)行了三維重建,據(jù)Ueda介紹,總計約7200萬個細(xì)胞。CUBIC-X具體流程見下圖。
Overview of a whole-brain expansion and hyperhydrative RI matching protocol
引自Murakami TC, Mano T, Saikawa S, et al. A three-dimensional single-cell-resolution whole-brain atlas using CUBIC-X expansion microscopy and tissue clearing. Nat Neurosci. 2018 Apr;21(4):625-637.
專為透明化樣品設(shè)計的高速高分辨三維熒光顯微成像系統(tǒng)
參考文獻(xiàn):
1. Tian T, Yang Z, Li X. Tissue clearing technique: Recent progress and biomedical applications. J Anat. 2021 Feb;238(2):489-507.
2. Tainaka K, Kubota SI, Suyama TQ, Susaki EA, Perrin D, Ukai-Tadenuma M, Ukai H, Ueda HR. Whole-body imaging with single-cell resolution by tissue decolorization. Cell. 2014 Nov 6;159(4):911-24.
3. Susaki EA, Tainaka K, Perrin D, Yukinaga H, Kuno A, Ueda HR. Advanced CUBIC protocols for whole-brain and whole-body clearing and imaging. Nat Protoc. 2015 Nov;10(11):1709-27.
4. Tainaka K, Murakami TC, Susaki EA, Shimizu C, Saito R, Takahashi K, Hayashi-Takagi A, Sekiya H, Arima Y, Nojima S, Ikemura M, Ushiku T, Shimizu Y, Murakami M, Tanaka KF, Iino M, Kasai H, Sasaoka T, Kobayashi K, Miyazono K, Morii E, Isa T, Fukayama M, Kakita A, Ueda HR. Chemical Landscape for Tissue Clearing Based on Hydrophilic Reagents. Cell Rep. 2018 Aug 21;24(8):2196-2210.
5. Murakami TC, Mano T, Saikawa S, Horiguchi SA, Shigeta D, Baba K, Sekiya H, Shimizu Y, Tanaka KF, Kiyonari H, Iino M, Mochizuki H, Tainaka K, Ueda HR. A three-dimensional single-cell-resolution whole-brain atlas using CUBIC-X expansion microscopy and tissue clearing. Nat Neurosci. 2018 Apr;21(4):625-637.