概述
角質(zhì)細(xì)胞和表皮
皮膚的表層即表皮,主要由角質(zhì)細(xì)胞構(gòu)成,占表皮層總細(xì)胞的90% [1], [2]。表皮在免疫反應(yīng)中起重要作用,通過屏障作用阻止細(xì)菌、病毒、真菌及寄生蟲的侵入 [1] 。表皮的防疫功能還包括保護(hù)水分丟失,對(duì)抗熱和UV輻射等 [3]。
表皮分為基底層、棘層、顆粒層、透明層和角質(zhì)層(圖1)[4]。這些層含不同階段的角質(zhì)細(xì)胞 。角質(zhì)形成過程包括一系列有絲分裂,這些分裂始于基底層,并導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞質(zhì)被角質(zhì)蛋白代替。角化過程結(jié)束時(shí),角質(zhì)細(xì)胞死亡;角質(zhì)層中為扁平、無核、高度角化的鱗狀細(xì)胞[4]。
3D Cell Explorer實(shí)時(shí)觀測(cè)角質(zhì)細(xì)胞中板層小體和透明角質(zhì)顆粒板層小體和透明角質(zhì)顆粒分析
不同于我們以前的NHEK拍攝的特征,在這個(gè)樣本中,細(xì)胞核看起來是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的、高度分隔的細(xì)胞器(圖3)。
這一現(xiàn)象可以解釋為從基底層向顆粒層過渡過程中的多重分裂作用效果[7],[8],已知這些分裂主要包括在基底層水平上的一些不對(duì)稱分裂,導(dǎo)致不同的細(xì)胞命運(yùn)和大小 [9],[10]。
事實(shí)上,與圖左下角相鄰的細(xì)胞相比,中間的細(xì)胞似乎尺寸明顯增大。
[1] J. A. McGrath, R. A. J. Eady, and F. M. Pope, “Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin,” in Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc., pp. 45–128.
[2] P. A. Kolarsick, M. Ann Kolarsick, and C. Goodwin, “Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin,” 2006.
[3] Practical immunodermatology. Springer, 2017.
[4] H. Yousef, M. Alhajj, and S. Sharma, Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis. StatPearls Publishing, 2019.
[5] A. Gedeon Matoltsy and M. N. Matoltsy, “THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF KERATOHYALIN GRANULES OF THE EPIDERMIS.”
[6] R. Joshi, “Learning from eponyms: George F. Odland and Odland bodies,” Indian Dermatol. Online J., vol. 5, no. 3, p. 334, Jul. 2014.
[7] “Polyploid cells and nuclei in keratinocyte primary cultures. (a-c)… | Download Scientific Diagram.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Polyploid-cells-and-nuclei-in-keratinocyte-primary-cultures-a-c-photographs-of_fig4_12400529. [Accessed: 27-Aug-2019].
[8] M. R. Gdula et al., “Remodeling of Three-Dimensional Organization of the Nucleus during Terminal Keratinocyte Differentiation in the Epidermis,” J. Invest. Dermatol., vol. 133, no. 9, pp. 2191–2201, Sep. 2013.
[9] M. I. Koster and D. R. Roop, “Asymmetric Cell Division in Skin Development: A New Look at an Old Observation,” Dev. Cell, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 444–446, Oct. 2005.
[10] H.-Y. JIA et al., “Asymmetric stem-cell division ensures sustained keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriatic skin lesions,” Int. J. Mol. Med., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 359–368, Feb. 2016.
Nanolive 3D CX-A 在角質(zhì)細(xì)胞研究中的優(yōu)勢(shì)
﹡非侵入式或無需染色標(biāo)記;
﹡基于細(xì)胞物理折射率RI的全息3D成像;
﹡實(shí)驗(yàn)處理低于5分鐘,細(xì)胞無損;
﹡1.7秒快速3D全息成像;
﹡任意基于折射率的數(shù)字染色高達(dá)7色;
﹡167nmXY軸超高分辨率;
﹡實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)細(xì)胞特性可達(dá)數(shù)周;
﹡整合3通道熒光,可與7個(gè)數(shù)字染色無縫疊加;
﹡全自動(dòng)載臺(tái),兼容96孔板實(shí)時(shí)活細(xì)胞監(jiān)測(cè);