然而傳統(tǒng)電鏡由于為保證圖像質(zhì)量而需要高壓電子槍,因此需要使用大體積腔體和配套的低溫、真空設(shè)施才能夠工作。這不僅導致占地面積過大,還需要相當?shù)馁Y金維持運轉(zhuǎn)和專門的人員進行操作。給使用帶來了極大的不便。
另外,雖然高電壓能夠帶來更好的電子順從性,但是基于碳基的有機物往往不能夠承受較高的電子束沖擊,因此在實際使用中往往必須使用電鏡的最低電壓來進行觀測以避免損壞樣品,這極大地浪費了大型電鏡本身的機能。而且由于有機物中的碳類物質(zhì)不能很好地吸收電子,使得有機物在大型電鏡中的襯度很低,往往需要使用金屬物質(zhì)進行負染來提高襯度,而這不可避免的會破壞蛋白、DNA 等有機物的結(jié)構(gòu)。
因此低電壓透射電鏡將有望解決這一問題。雖然在傳統(tǒng)認知中,高的電壓總會帶給圖像更好的成像效果。但在技術(shù)發(fā)展的當下,即使只使用較低的電壓也能夠獲得較好的成像質(zhì)量,并且由于低電壓的低穿透力使得原本被忽略的細節(jié)圖像也能夠被呈現(xiàn)出來。
由于低壓電鏡所具有的獨特優(yōu)勢使得在近幾年中有越來越多的文獻報道使用了LVEM系列電鏡。下面就列舉了近一年中的部分發(fā)表文章中展示的電鏡照片:
Claudel Mickael等使用LVEM5對CDs與bPEI600衍生物的納米TEM結(jié)構(gòu)表征。
Claudia Melissa等對冰川假單胞菌BNF20的形態(tài)使用LVEM5 SEM模式進行觀測的圖像。
Adolfo Marican等使用LVEM5對環(huán)糊精衍生物凝膠CDHSA1(a-b)
和包裹有PDN(c-d)的CDHSA1進行SEM圖像表征。
Hadi Ranji-Burachaloo等使用LVEM5拍攝TEM模式下的
有機聚合材料MOF(a)和rMOF(b)的納米結(jié)構(gòu)圖像。
總結(jié)
低壓透射電鏡具有體積小、易操作、高襯度、良好的成像質(zhì)量等特性。在近幾年中,使用這種電鏡進行結(jié)構(gòu)表征的文章也越來越多。相信隨著生物分子機制研究的深入和納米材料、藥物的發(fā)展,這種小巧而靈活的低壓透射電鏡將會有更加寬廣的應用前景。
參考文獻
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