在缺水的地中海農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)大麥
 

水資源稀缺是干旱和半干旱地區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的主要制約因素之一。盡管近幾十年來取得了巨大的技術(shù)發(fā)展，但農(nóng)民仍需要適應(yīng)其培訓(xùn)、管理限制和經(jīng)濟(jì)能力的方法和工具。為了應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，地中海農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)(SUPROMED)項(xiàng)目在水資源有限的環(huán)境中的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)在一個(gè)在線平臺(tái)上結(jié)合了一套模型和方法，以更有效地管理水、能源和肥料。在卡斯蒂利亞-拉曼恰地區(qū)（西班牙）進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)為期兩年的試驗(yàn)（2020-2021年），以證明 SUPROMED 作為一種農(nóng)場管理支持工具對(duì)于大麥作物的有效性。通過分析一組生產(chǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境因素，確定將農(nóng)田灌溉用水經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)化模型（MOPECO 模型）灌溉調(diào)度以及集成在 SUPROMED 平臺(tái)中的其他方法和工具傳遞給農(nóng)民的影響。關(guān)鍵績效指標(biāo)（KPI）。選擇KPI是為了向農(nóng)民展示有效利用生產(chǎn)要素如何提高農(nóng)場的盈利能力，從而減少農(nóng)業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。2020年，SUPROMED提出的管理計(jì)劃實(shí)現(xiàn)了與傳統(tǒng)管理相同的產(chǎn)量，用水量減少了32%，達(dá)到了13%和66%。毛利率和總經(jīng)濟(jì)灌溉用水生產(chǎn)率分別提高。2021年，一名受過使用 SUPROMED 平臺(tái)工具和方法培訓(xùn)的農(nóng)民實(shí)施的管理顯示，所分析的大多數(shù)KPI都有所改善，取得了與SUPROMED在2020年獲得的結(jié)果相似的結(jié)果。結(jié)果很有希望，表明SUPROMED 中提出的工具和模型可以很容易地被農(nóng)民使用，并且可以提高地中海農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)和環(huán)境可持續(xù)性。生產(chǎn)部門有效推廣和使用這些方法需要公共行政部門以及當(dāng)?shù)匮芯咳藛T和技術(shù)人員的參與。
 

“MOPECO灌溉調(diào)度”工具模擬的2020年可用水演變

Sustainable Production of Barley in a Water-Scarce Mediterranean Agroecosystem

Abstract

Scarcity of water resources is one of the main constraints on agricultural activity in arid and semi-arid areas. Despite the great technological development over recent decades, farmers are demanding methodologies and tools adapted to their training, management restrictions, and economic capacity. To tackle these challenges, the sustainable production in water-limited environments of Mediterranean agroecosystems (SUPROMED) project combines, in an online platform, a set of models and methodologies for more efficient management of water, energy, and fertilizers. A two-year trial (2020–2021) was conducted in the Castilla-La Mancha region (Spain) to demonstrate, for a barley crop, the effectiveness of SUPROMED as a farm management support tool. The impact of transferring the model for the economic optimization of irrigation water use at farm level (MOPECO model) irrigation scheduling among other methods and tools, integrated in the SUPROMED platform, to farmers was determined by analyzing a set of productive, economic, and environmental key performance indicators (KPIs). The KPIs were selected to show farmers how the efficient use of productive factors could improve the profitability of their farms, thus reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment. In 2020, the management plan proposed by SUPROMED achieved the same yield as traditional management using 32% less water and resulting in a 13% and 66% improvement in gross margin and gross economic irrigation water productivity, respectively. In 2021, the management implemented by a farmer trained in the use of the tools and methodologies in the SUPROMED platform showed improvements in most of the KPIs analyzed, achieving similar results to those obtained by SUPROMED during 2020. The results are promising, indicating that the tools and models proposed in SUPROMED can be easily used by farmers and can improve the economic and environmental sustainability of Mediterranean agroecosystems. The involvement of public administrations, together with local researchers and technicians, is required for the effective promotion and use of these methodologies by the productive sector.
 

Pessl植物生理生態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的全套監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)和在線平臺(tái)FieldClimate適用于所有氣候區(qū)，可用于各種行業(yè)和各種用途——從農(nóng)業(yè)到研究、水文、氣象、洪水警報(bào)等。iMetos植物生理生態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)全球品牌，使用持續(xù)時(shí)間更長，性能更好，是通用的天氣監(jiān)測設(shè)備，具有早期識(shí)別和警報(bào)功能（有SMS手機(jī)提醒功能）；可以用來計(jì)劃、控制和管理復(fù)雜的獨(dú)立氣象過程。該監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)專為不同氣候區(qū)域的多種任務(wù)而設(shè)計(jì)。其可以安裝多達(dá)600個(gè)傳感器，如土壤和空氣濕度、溫度、降雨、風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、葉片 濕度、總體輻射等傳感器。
 

Pessl植物生理生態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集工作站可以將這些數(shù)據(jù)無線傳輸?shù)桨踩�的互�?lián)網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)庫上。該數(shù)據(jù)庫是優(yōu)秀的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和處理平臺(tái)。用戶獲得登錄密碼后，可以從世界任何地方的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)終端登錄并獲得這些數(shù)據(jù)、報(bào)告和圖表。測量的信息來源于傳感器所在的位置。使用者可以從網(wǎng)站上一個(gè)區(qū)域可輸入或修改閾值和電話號(hào)碼。操作無需專門軟件。
 

Pessl植物生理生態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)僅需要有效的GPRS協(xié)議用于數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，在站點(diǎn)所在處也需要網(wǎng)絡(luò)的充分覆蓋。該系統(tǒng)是一組多功能、模塊化配置的系統(tǒng)，運(yùn)行完全免維護(hù)。該工作站采用太陽能充電電池。工作站可以連接多種傳感器。即插即用模式便于工作站擴(kuò)展傳感器數(shù)目。
 

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