概述
角質細胞和表皮
皮膚的表層即表皮,主要由角質細胞構成,占表皮層總細胞的90% [1], [2]。表皮在免疫反應中起重要作用,通過屏障作用阻止細菌、病毒、真菌及寄生蟲的侵入 [1] 。表皮的防疫功能還包括保護水分丟失,對抗熱和UV輻射等 [3]。
表皮分為基底層、棘層、顆粒層、透明層和角質層(圖1)[4]。這些層含不同階段的角質細胞 。角質形成過程包括一系列有絲分裂,這些分裂始于基底層,并導致細胞質被角質蛋白代替。角化過程結束時,角質細胞死亡;角質層中為扁平、無核、高度角化的鱗狀細胞[4]。
3D Cell Explorer實時觀測角質細胞中板層小體和透明角質顆粒板層小體和透明角質顆粒分析
不同于我們以前的NHEK拍攝的特征,在這個樣本中,細胞核看起來是一個復雜的、高度分隔的細胞器(圖3)。
這一現(xiàn)象可以解釋為從基底層向顆粒層過渡過程中的多重分裂作用效果[7],[8],已知這些分裂主要包括在基底層水平上的一些不對稱分裂,導致不同的細胞命運和大小 [9],[10]。
事實上,與圖左下角相鄰的細胞相比,中間的細胞似乎尺寸明顯增大。
[1] J. A. McGrath, R. A. J. Eady, and F. M. Pope, “Anatomy and Organization of Human Skin,” in Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology, Malden, Massachusetts, USA: Blackwell Publishing, Inc., pp. 45–128.
[2] P. A. Kolarsick, M. Ann Kolarsick, and C. Goodwin, “Anatomy and Physiology of the Skin,” 2006.
[3] Practical immunodermatology. Springer, 2017.
[4] H. Yousef, M. Alhajj, and S. Sharma, Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis. StatPearls Publishing, 2019.
[5] A. Gedeon Matoltsy and M. N. Matoltsy, “THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF KERATOHYALIN GRANULES OF THE EPIDERMIS.”
[6] R. Joshi, “Learning from eponyms: George F. Odland and Odland bodies,” Indian Dermatol. Online J., vol. 5, no. 3, p. 334, Jul. 2014.
[7] “Polyploid cells and nuclei in keratinocyte primary cultures. (a-c)… | Download Scientific Diagram.” [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Polyploid-cells-and-nuclei-in-keratinocyte-primary-cultures-a-c-photographs-of_fig4_12400529. [Accessed: 27-Aug-2019].
[8] M. R. Gdula et al., “Remodeling of Three-Dimensional Organization of the Nucleus during Terminal Keratinocyte Differentiation in the Epidermis,” J. Invest. Dermatol., vol. 133, no. 9, pp. 2191–2201, Sep. 2013.
[9] M. I. Koster and D. R. Roop, “Asymmetric Cell Division in Skin Development: A New Look at an Old Observation,” Dev. Cell, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 444–446, Oct. 2005.
[10] H.-Y. JIA et al., “Asymmetric stem-cell division ensures sustained keratinocyte hyperproliferation in psoriatic skin lesions,” Int. J. Mol. Med., vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 359–368, Feb. 2016.
Nanolive 3D CX-A 在角質細胞研究中的優(yōu)勢
﹡非侵入式或無需染色標記;
﹡基于細胞物理折射率RI的全息3D成像;
﹡實驗處理低于5分鐘,細胞無損;
﹡1.7秒快速3D全息成像;
﹡任意基于折射率的數(shù)字染色高達7色;
﹡167nmXY軸超高分辨率;
﹡實時監(jiān)測細胞特性可達數(shù)周;
﹡整合3通道熒光,可與7個數(shù)字染色無縫疊加;
﹡全自動載臺,兼容96孔板實時活細胞監(jiān)測;